Does the Cited Paper Actually Say That?

A reference can be completely real and still be wrong. The paper exists, the DOI resolves, and it does not say what the author claims it says.

We take ten claims from the manuscript — every citation holding up the main hypothesis, the first paragraph of the discussion, and any claim to be first — open the cited papers, and read them. Each claim comes back as supported, partly supported, not supported, or source not available to read. Claims of being first are checked against a fresh literature search.

This is a spot check, not a complete audit, and we say so plainly. Ten well-chosen claims tell you what you need to know about the other hundred.

Five working days. $120 for ten claims, $12 for each further claim.